Refrigerating-machine.



No. 654,789. Patented July 3|, I900. 0. menu. a. F. w. TANNETT-WALKER. REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Jan. 31, 1899.) KNQModeI.) 4 Sheets-Sheet r JWQ?ZZ MM- a n4: Noam: PUERS 00.. PHOTO-H1110" wwmumu. D4 a No. 654,789. Patented July 3l, I900. D. MOGILL & F. W. TANNETT-WALKER. REFRIGEBATIN G MACHINE.

(Application 31m Jan. a1, 1599. (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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No. 654,789. j Patented luly 3|, I900.

n. McGlLL & F. w. TANNETT-WALKER.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Jan. 31, 1899.)

(No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Sheet 3,

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' No. 654,739 'P atented luly 3 1900,

DLMGGILL & F. w. TANNETT-WALKEB.

REFRIGEBATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Jan. 81, 1899.) l 4 Sheets-Sheet DANIEL lYIcGlLL, or WELLINGTON PATENT GEEicE.

, NEW ZEALAND, AND FREDERI K WILLIAM TANNETT-WALKER, OF LEEDS, ENGLAND;

REFRIGERATl-NG-MACHINE.

srncrrrca'rron forming part of Letters latent No. 654,789, dated July 31, 1900-.

' Application filed January 31, 1899. .Serial No. 704,006. mom-tan.)

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that we, DANIEL MOGILL, en-

gineer, residing at I-Iutt road, Petone, Wel-l 1ington, New ZeaIand, and FREDERICK WIL- LIAM TANNETT-WALKER, en ginee lyresiding i at Hunslet, Leeds, in thecounty of York, England, subjects ofLthe Queen of"Gre'at Britain, have invented certain n'ewandus'eful Improvements inv Refrigerating- Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines in which air (or other gas) is compressed and cooled and then expanded while doing work.

According to this invention the work of the power-cylinders and of the air-expansion cylinder are utilized and more uniformly applied for elfecting the work of compression. by means provided for storing power, the arrangement being'such that gas is compressed in the compression-cylinder during the return stroke of the power-cylinder by means of the expansion of gas in the expansion-cylinder aided by the stored power.- In refrigerating-machines also as usually constructed the suction and 'exhaust valves through which the air is admitted into the compression-cylinder and expelled from it into the com pressedair reservoir are spring loaded valves, the result being that during the suction the pressure in the cylinder is less than that of the atmosphere, while during the delivery the pressure in the cylinder is greater than that in the reservoir. According to this invention we obviate the losses resulting from such arrangements by opening and closing the valves at the proper times, not by the airpressure, but positively by some moving part of the machinery. In order also to avoid loss of cold between the expansion-cylinder and the storage-chamber, we mix the expanded and extremely cold air from that cylinder with the moderately-cold incoming air from the compressed-air cooler or from the storagechamber, or from both. The arrangement we employis as follows: The compression'and expansion cylindersai'e single acting and are mounted in a line with each other, their piston-rods being fixed to a cross-head between them. The motive power is applied to the cross-head by a single-acting steam or other cylinder or a pair of single-acting cylinders,

one high and one low, one on each side of the compression-cylinder and working together, or in the case of gas-engines giving only one impulse for each two revolutions the cylinders Work alternately. On one side, andpreferably on each side of the expansion-cylinder, is a hydraulic cylinder always in connection with'an accum ulator and having its piston rod or rain fixed to the cross-head. During the outstrok-e of the power-cylinder air is drawn into the compression-cylinder, expanded and cooled air passes from one side to the other of the piston of the expansion-cylinder, and water is forced into the accumulator. The return stroke is performed by the expansion of compressed and cooled air in the expansioncylinder and by the pressure of the water in the accumulator acting on the pistons of the hydraulic cylinders. During the return stroke air is compressed in the compressioncylinder (and toward the end of the stroke expelled into the usual cooling and drying apparatus) and expanded air is expelled from the expansion-cylinder. The compressed air coming -fl'0lILtl16 cooling and dryingappara= itus enters the expansion-cylinder through a hollow casing or jacket surrounding it, so

that the incoming air is partially cooled by the cold walls of the cylinder, and the loss of cold by conduction is considerably diminished. issuing from the expansion-cylinder is mixed with moderately-cold air drawn from the refrigerating-chamber, and the mixture is led back to the refrigeratirig-chamber. By this means the great loss of cold which results from leading the extremely-cold air through the connecting-pipes is considerably diminished. We prefer to do this by making the expansion-cylinder larger than is usual and with an earlier cut-off, the formation of a partial vacuum toward theend of the stroke being prevented by opening a communication with the refrigerating-chamber, from which moderately-cold air is therefore now pumped. During the return stroke the mixture of extremely-cold air and moderately-cold air is expelled back into the refrigerating-chamber.

The delivery-valve from the compressioncylinder and the admission-valves to the expansion-cylinder are lift-Valves, or, it may The expanded and extremely cold air ICO shaft of the engine.

be, rotary disk valves in the cylinder-covers. These valves are Workedby suitable gearing from a lay-shaft, and when gas-engines are. employed this may'conveniently be the valve- The suction-valves to the compression-cylinder and the exhaustvalve from the expansion-cylinder .are similar lift or disk valves in the pistons. These valves are worked by either sleeves on the piston rods or rodspassing along inside the piston-rods, and the ends of these sleeves or rods are connected by suitable gearing to a rocking shaft in thecross-head, whose ends are fixed to 'connectingrods working on cranks on the fly-wheel shaft. 1

Figure l isa diagrammatic plan of a refrigerating plant arranged according to this invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the. engines and pumps, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 3, Fig. 2. Figs. 4, 5, and

6 are local sections on the lines 4 4, 5 5, and

6 6, Figs. 2 and 3, most of the parts behind the planesof section being omitted. Figs. 7 and 8 are an elevation and plan to a larger to the expansion-cylinder.

a a' are the cylinders of .two single-actin g gas-engines of the Otto type, each giving an i 1 explosion at every other out (or left to right) 3o stroke of their pistons and arranged to act alternately.

a a the shafts working their valves. One of these shafts is driven in the ordinary way from the crank shaft and drives the other by bevel-gear and a cross-shaft a engines are of an ordinary and very wellknown type it is unnecessary to show or describe them in detail. b is the compression-cylinder; c, the exan'sion-cylinder; b of, their piston-rods, and 2 0 their pistons.

(1 indicates hydraulic cylinders, and (1 their rams. ders are always-in communication by pipes d with an accumulator e, Fig. 1.

The rods a b c d are all fixed to acrossheadf, which is connected by rods f to cranks g on the crank-shaft g, on which is the flyf is an arm fixed to the shaftf and connected bya link f to one of the connectingr'odsf'. I

f is a double arm fixed to the shaft f and connected by links f f to sleeves b 0 free to move to and fro on the piston-rods b cof the compression and expansion cylinders.

These sleeves carry arms or disks 1) c, which i at the proper times come against the stems of the valves 1) c in the pistons 17 c and,com-

f pressing the springs b 0 open. the valves.

By placing the valves in the pistons and operating themas above described several important advantages are gained. The clearance-spaces are reduced to a minimum, the valves can be quickly and widely opened at exactly the proper times, and the valves bescale of the gear working the ad mission-valves As these.

The right hand ends of these cylin-- inder c expands.

ing positively opened and not by the pressure of the air, as is usual, do not act as reducingvalves, the pressure on both sides of them when open being the same. It will be obvious that the movement of the connectingrod can be communicated to the valves in various ways. Thus the rod f and shaft f might be connected by'bevel or other gear instead of by a link. The valves also might rotate instead of lifting, having radial ports, (there being corresponding ports in the pistons,) and be operated by bevel or other gear from the shaft f I b is a valve in the end of thecylinder b, and-b is its'spring. It is operated by a earn a on the shaft a p h and j are a pair of valves in the end of the cylinder o. They are operated by-a pair of eccentrics g on the crank-shaft g. The cylinder 0 is jacketed, and the jacket is divided into two chambers h and j by a partition k, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The valves 71. .andj put these chambers, respectively, into communication with the inside of the cylinder.

One end of the cylinder 17 is connected by a pipe Z to a refrigerating or cold-storage chamber m, Fig. 1, and the other end is connected by a pipe to a cooling and drying apparatus '0, of ordinary construction. The a. a are their piston-rods, and

latter is connected by a pipe p to the chamber h of thejacket of the'cylinderc. The chamber j is connected by the pipe 7 to the storage-chamber m, and the latter is also connected by the pipe (1 to the other end of the cylinder 0, Figs. 1 and 2.

The action of the apparatus is as follows: On an explosion taking place in oneof the cylinders a the cross-head f is moved from left to right, forcing'water from the cylinders (1 into the accumulator e, so storing power. During the whole of thisstroke the valves b h, and j are closed, while the valves b c are open, so that the air in the cylinders b and 0 passes through the pistons b c? from one side to the other of them. At the-end of the stroke the valvesb 0- close and the valve h opens, admitting compressed air from the cooling and drying apparatus 0 to the cylinder 0, and the pressure of this, together with that of the water in the accumulator e, forces thecrosshead back again from right to left. During the whole of the return stroke the valves b and c are closed. I) is closed at the-commencement, but when the air is suflicie'ntly compressed in the left-hand end of the cylinder bit is opened and the compressed air is forced by the pipe n into the cooler 0. During the wholeofthe return stroke air is drawn by the pipe L from thechamber m into the right-hand end of the cylinder b. When the first. portion'say one-third-of the return stroke has been completed, the valve h. closes and the air in the right-hand end of the cyl- This cylinder is so proportioned and the timing of the valves so regulated that if no more air were admitted there IIO would be a partial vacuum at the end of the stroke; but after a time-say two-thirds of the return strokethe valve j opens, and the cylinder 0 then acts as a pump, drawing air from the chamber m by the pipe 7, and this air, which is only moderately cold, mixing with the extremely-cold expanded air in thecylinder 0, raises its temperature, so reducing loss of cold in the pipe q, leading back to the chamber m. It will be observed that during the time, or most of it, when the cylinder 0 is acting as a pump the valve 79' is open and less power is required to move the cross-head.

In cases where it is desired to mix a large proportion of moderately-cold air with the extremely-cold expanded air the above-described arrangement is replaced or supplemented by a pump or fan drawing air from the chamber m and delivering it to the pipe 1" at or near to the cylinder 0.

What We claim isl. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder closed at both ends by cylinder-heads, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compressioncylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder closed at both ends by cylinder-heads receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, and connections between the three pistons.

2. The combination of asingle-acting compression-cylinder, its piston and delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a singleacting power-cylinder, its piston, a singleacting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, its piston and admission and delivery valves, means for storing the energy of the outstroke of the power-cylinder, and connections between the three pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, whereby the energy of the stored power is applied for the instroke of the piston of the compression-cylinder.

3. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery Valves in the cylinder end and piston, means for storing power from the outstroke of the single-acting power-cylinder, and connections between the three pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously.

4. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, an accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, and connections between the three pistons and ram such that the outstroke of the compression and. power pistons and the instroke of the expansionpiston take place simultaneously.

5. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a singleacting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a singleacting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it,ad mission and delivery valves to it,means for storing power, and connections between the three pistons such that the ontstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously. 6. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a singleacting power'cylinder, apiston in it, a singleacting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves to it, an accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, and connections between the three pistons and ram such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously.

7. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression -cylinder, a single acting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a sin gle-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, means for storing power, connections between the three pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a crank-shaft,

a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, and means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders.

8. The combination of a single-actin g compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction Valves in the cylinder end and pis- IIO pression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and I i g I ton, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compressioncylinder, at single acting power-cylinder, a .piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a pistonin it, admissionand delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston ,'an accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a rain in the cylinder, connections between the three pistons and ram such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connecting-rodpivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, and means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders.

9. The combination of a single-acting comsuction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, ad mission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, means for storing power, connections between the three pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansionpiston take place simultaneously, and a-hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder supplied with gasfro'm the cooler and from which the admission-valveleads.

10. The combination of a sin gle-actin g compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston,

a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting power ylinder, a piston in it, a single-actin g expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, an accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections between the three pistons and ram such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistonsand the instroke of the-expansion-piston take place simultaneously, and a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder supplied with gas from the cooler and from which the admissionsimultaneously, and a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder supplied with gas from the cooler and from which the admissionvalve leads.

12. Thecombination ofasingle-a'cting-compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a singleacting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a singleacting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admissionand delivery valves to it, an

accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections between the three pistons and ram such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, and a hollow jacket to the expansioncylinder supplied with gas from the cooler and from which the admission-valve leads.

13. The combination of asingle-actingcompression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansioncylinder receiving H cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, means for storing power, connections between the three pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion- .piston take place simultaneously, a crankshaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compressionand expansion cylinders, and a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder supplied with gas from the cooler and from which the admission-valve leads.

14. The combination of asingle-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, an accumulator, a hydraulic valve leads.

11. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction'valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a singleactingpower-cylinder, a piston in it, a singleacti'ng expansioncylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves to it,

the three'pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections between I the three pistons and ram such that the out stroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistonsof the compression and expansion cylinders, and a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder supplied with gas from the cooler-and from which the admission-valve leads.

15. The combination of asingle-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, an expansion-cylinder receiving compressed and cooled gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder,admission and delivery valves to it, a refrigerating'chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansioncylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansioncylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating-chamber, the admissionvalve leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the ontstroke.

16. The combination of a com pression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the ex pansion-cylinder divided into two compartments supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigeratingchamber, the admission valve leading from the first com partment, at second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke.

1'7. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, acooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating-charnber, the admission-valve leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the ontstroke.

18. The combination of asingle-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powerfor opening the latter valve toward the end of the ontstroke.

19. Thecombination ofasingle-actingcompression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and'piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression cylinder, a single acting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gasfrom the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylder end and piston, means for storing power, connections between the three pistons such that the ontstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating-chamber, the admission-valve leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the ontstroke.

20. The combination of a single-actingcompression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powei cylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expan sion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, an accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections between the three pistons and ram such that the on tstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the'expansionpiston take place simultaneously, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respec tively from the cooler and the refrigeratingchamber, the admission-valve leading from the first compartment, a second admissionvalve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the ontstroke.

'21. The combination of asingle-acting complace simultaneously, a refrigerating-chamber receiving'gas from the delivery-valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the-expansion-cylinder divided intotwo compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating-chamher, the admission-valve leading from the first, compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means "for opening the latter valve toward the-end of the outstroke.

22. The combination of a singleactin g com pression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves, acooler receiving compressed sion-valve. leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke.

24. The combination of a compression-cyl-- inder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the com pression-cylinder, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, ad mission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the-crosshead, aconnecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valve in the piston of the expansion-cylinder,a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of vthe expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided into-two compartments,su-pplied with gas respectively from gas from the compression-cylinder, a singleactin ower-c 'linder a iston in it a sin lea p 3 a p a acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston 1n it, admission and delivery valves to it, an

. accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections between the three pistons and rain such that the outstroke of the compressionand power pistons and the instroke of the" expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a refrigerating chamber receiving gas from the delivery'valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided-into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and theref rigerating chamber, the admission valve leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valveleading from the second co mpartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke.

23. The-combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder,an expansion-cylinder receiving compressed and cooled gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder,admission and delivery valves to it, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head,

l 'a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft,means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valve in the piston of the compressioncylinder, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansioncylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansioncylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating-chamber, the admisthe cooler and the refrlgeratlng-cnamoer, the admission-valve leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and meansfor opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke. I

25. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder endand piston,-a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, a crank-shaft, a crank on'it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross head, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for-working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders, a refrigeratingchamber receiving gas from the deliveryvalve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigeratingchamber, the admission-valve leading from the first compartment, a second admissionvalve leading from the second compartment,- and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke. r

26. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-actingexpam sion-cylinder receiving cooled an d compressed i gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, connections between the three pistons, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connectingrod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansioncylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansioncylinder divided into two com partments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating-chamber, the ad missionvalve leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke.

27. The combination ofa single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, means for storing power, connections between the threepistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating chamber, the admission valve leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke.

28. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder,a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a' single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, an accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections between the three pistons and ram such that the outstroke of compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the crosshead, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actu ated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders, a refrigeratingchamber receiving gas from the delivery-valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating-chamber, the admission-valve leading from the first compartment, a second admission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke.

29. The combination of a compressioncylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receivingcompressed gas from the compression-cylinder, an expansion-cylinder receiving compressed and cooled gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, admission an d delivery valves to it, a ret'rigerating-chamber receivin g gas from the delivery-valve of the expansion-cylinder, a hollow jacket to the expansion-cylinder divided into two compartments, supplied with gas respectively from the cooler and the refrigerating-chamber, the admission-valve leading from the first compartment, a second ad mission-valve leading from the second compartment, and means for opening the latter valve toward the end of the outstroke.

Y 30. The combination of a compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, an expansion-cylinder receivin g com pressedand cooled gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, admission and delivery valves to it, a refrigerat-ing-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

31. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiv ing compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, an expansion-cylinder receiving compressed and cooled gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression cylinder, admission and delivery valves to it, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chainber.

'32. The combination of a compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for'mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber. v

33. The combination of asingle-act-ingcompression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, acooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder,a sin gle-acting expansion-cylinder receivingcooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas between the three pistons and ram such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansionpiston take place simultaneously, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder,and-means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigeratingchamber.

37. The combination of a singlefacting compretsion-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a singleacting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a singleacting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves to it,

from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansioncylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

34. The combination ofa single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression cylinder, a single acting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, connections between the three pistons, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

V 35. The combination ofasingle-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction'valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression cylinder, a single acting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and com pressed gas from'the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, means for storing power, connections between the three pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, "a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansionrcylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansioncylinderwith gas drawn from the refrigeratingchamber.

36. The combination of a single-acting com: pression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression cylinder, a single acting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it,

admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, an accumulator, a hyd-raulic' cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections means for storing power, connections between the three pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

38; The combination of a single-actingconipression-cylinder,a'piston in it, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a singleacting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a singleacting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves to it, an accumulat-or,a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections between the'three pistons and ram such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously,"a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansioncylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

39. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, apiston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, an expansion-cylinder receiving compressed and cooled gas from the cooler,

, a piston in it connected t-ovthe piston of the compression-cyli-nder,admission and delivery valves to it, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valve in the piston of the compressioncylinder, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansioncylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

40. The combination of a compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for. ac tuating the piston, delivery and suction valves, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the'piston of the compression-cylinder, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a

connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and crosshead actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valve in the piston of the expansion-cylinder,

, a refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigeratingchamber.

41. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, means for actuating the piston, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting expansion-cylinder receiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it connected to the piston of the compression-cylinder, ad-

mission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the crosshead, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders, a refrigeratingchamber receiving gas from the expansioncylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

42. The combination of a single-actingcompression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a-cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression cylinder, a single acting power-cylinder, a piston in it, a single acting e'xpansioncylinder receiving cooled and com-' pressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, connections between the three pistons, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head,

a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rockingshaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders, a refrigeratingchamber receiving cylinder,

gas from the expansionand means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

43. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end and piston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinderreceiving cooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, means for storing power, connections between the three pistons such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders, a

refrigerating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

44. The combination of a single-acting compression-cylinder, a piston in it, delivery and suction valves in the cylinder end andpiston, a cooler receiving compressed gas from the compression-cylinder, a single-acting powercylinder, a piston in it, a single-acting expansion-cylinder reoeivingcooled and compressed gas from the cooler, a piston in it, admission and delivery valves in the cylinder end and piston, an accumulator, a hydraulic cylinder in constant communication with it, a ram in the cylinder, connections between the three pistons andram such that the outstroke of the compression and power pistons and the instroke of the expansion-piston take place simultaneously, a crank-shaft, a crank on it, a cross-head, a rocking shaft on the cross-head, a connecting-rod pivoted to the crank and cross-head actuating the rocking shaft, means actuated by the rocking shaft for working the valves in the pistons of the compression and expansion cylinders,a refrigcrating-chamber receiving gas from the expansion-cylinder, and means for mixing the gas expanded in the expansion-cylinder with gas drawn from the refrigerating-chamber.

DANIEL MCGILL. FREDERICK WILLIAM TANNETT-WALKER.

Witnesses:

** ROBERT B. RANSFORD, ARTHUR OARPWALL. 

